Repository of community practices in Ocean Research, Applications and Data/Information Management
HAB
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Solutions for managing cyanobacterial blooms: A scientific summary for policy makers.
(UNESCO-IOC, Paris, France, 2019)Algae grow wherever there is water; in oceans, freshwater lakes, rivers, streams and pools. They underpin aquatic food webs, providing nutrition for animals in the system, and along with microbes, are responsible for ... -
GlobalHAB: Evaluating, Reducing and Mitigating the Cost of Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium of Case Studies.
(North Pacific Marine Science Organization, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2020)Over the last two decades, several efforts have been addressed to compile what is known about the economic impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs; e.g., Anderson et al., 2000; Hoagland and Scatasta 2006; Huppert and Trainer, ... -
Guidelines for the study of climate change effects on HABs.
(UNESCO-IOC/SCOR, Paris, France, 2021)Our planet Earth is changing. Marine and freshwater ecosystems are experiencing intense natural and anthropogenic pressures that will generate unforeseen changes in their structure and functioning. The drivers of climate ... -
Appendix 4. Preservatives and methods for algal cell enumeration.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)There are multiple ways to preserve phytoplankton samples and determine the algal species composition and abundance. This Appendix provides details on some of the most common methods. Additional relevant publications are ... -
Appendix 3. Methods for measuring transparent exopolymer particles and their precursors in seawater.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and their precursors produced by phyto-/bacterioplankton in fresh and marine aquatic environments are increasingly considered as a major cause of organic/particulate fouling in MF/UF ... -
Appendix 2. Rapid screening methods for Harmful Algal Blooms toxins.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)At the core of all national harmful algal bloom (HAB) programs are the monitoring programs needed to detect HAB toxins in shellfish, fish, water, or other resources sufficiently early to take management actions (Anderson ... -
Appendix 1. Algal species potentially harmful to desalinitation operations.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)It is now well established that harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent a serious and growing threat to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants worldwide. In many plants, these threats are indirectly monitored ... -
Case histories for Harmful Algal Blooms in desalination.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Algae have long been an issue impacting desalination plant operation in areas prone to algal blooms or where macroalgae (seaweeds) and detritus became dislodged from the seabed. Previously and still today, operators and ... -
Removal of algal toxins and taste and odor compounds during desalination.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)A major challenge in desalination is the removal of harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins and taste and odor compounds (hereafter referred to as algal metabolites) using common treatment techniques. Removal of other compounds ... -
Algal biomass pretreatment in Seawater Reverse Osmosis.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can result in a substantial increase in the organic and solids load in the seawater feed to be treated at a desalination plant. In this chapter, the removal of this material is addressed in ... -
World Health Organization and International Guidelines for toxin control, Harmful Algal Boom management, and response planning.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Drinking water guidelines are designed to protect public health and the safety of drinking water supplies by suggesting safe levels for constituents that are known to be hazardous to health. The World Health Organization ... -
Bloom prevention and control.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious and growing problem to many sectors of society, including the desalination industry. The many problems that HABs present for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants ... -
Seawater intake considerations to mitigate HAB impacts.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Seawater intakes are a key element in the design, construction and success of desalination plants. Various intake options exist and are generally classified based on their abstraction depth. Surface ocean intakes abstract ... -
Harmful agal bloom-related water quality monitoring for desalination design and operation.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Characterization of the raw seawater at plant intakes and monitoring to detect poor water quality events including harmful algal blooms (HABs) is critical throughout the lifetime of a desalination plant. HABs can result ... -
Appendix 5. Autopsy and cleaning of reverse osmosis elements affected by harmful algal bloom-contaminated seawater.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Following an algal bloom, if a change is observed in the reverse osmosis (RO) performance, an initial visual plant inspection should be carried out, including looking at and removing cartridge filters and membrane elements ... -
Acquisition and analysis of remote sensing imagery of harmful algal blooms.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Remote sensing was long considered an obvious tool for studying the distribution of harmful algal bloom (HAB) organisms over larger spatial and shorter time scales than is possible with ship-based sampling (Tester et al. ... -
Designing an observing system for early detection of harmful algal blooms.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious and growing threat to many desalination plants. It is therefore important to limit the impact from HABs by preventing blooms from reaching seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants ... -
Algal issues in seawater desalination.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Once harmful algal blooms (HABs) reach a desalination plant, they can cause significant operational issues and potential health concerns for consumers. These issues stem from two factors – first, the algal cells produce ... -
Harmful algal blooms.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)Harmful algal blooms are increasing in frequency and magnitude in many parts of the world, and one of the sectors of society that is being increasingly affected is the desalination industry. Given trends in the development ... -
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and Desalination: a Guide to Impacts, Monitoring and Management.
(Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO,, Paris, France, 2017)Arid countries throughout the world are heavily reliant on seawater desalination for their supply of drinking and municipal water. The desalination industry is large and rapidly growing, approaching more than 20,000 ...
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